Bronchopulmonary Sequestration with Morbid Neonatal Pleural Effusion despite Successful Antenatal Treatment

Introduction Bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) may cause prenatal pleural effusion (PE) or even hydrops. This case describes a fetus presenting with severe PE, which prenatally waned completely under steroid treatment, yet surprisingly reappeared rapidly after birth, requiring early surgical intervention. Case description A male fetus was diagnosed with left BPS and severe PE. After three courses of prenatal steroid therapy for each recurrence of PE from 27 weeks of gestation, we observed a complete regression of PE prenatally. Yet, PE recurred 18 h after birth and persisted after repeated drainages and steroid therapy. Early total resection of the extralobar BPS was performed and led to complete recovery without recurrence of PE. Conclusion This report underlines that in cases of BPS presenting with prenatal PE needing fetal intervention, even if full regression of PE is observed before birth, there might be a need for surgical excision during the neonatal period.